![]() The present paper aims to provide new information relevant to these issues. There remain questions about accuracy of the information derived from the GF at each of the quantity levels, and how best to combine these data in volume algorithms. 2004), in part due to inadequate training and implementation ( Greenfield & Kerr, 2008). Because of the combined-beverage GF measure’s complexity, some see it as prone to errors ( Gmel et al. However, methodological studies of alcohol intake measures like the GF are still needed ( Midanik & Greenfield 2004 Midanik, 1998). 1996, Rogers & Greenfield 1999) reveal plausible risk relationships ( Greenfield et al. Hazardous drinking patterns identified by GF measures ( Rehm et al. 2006) suggesting they at least order individuals on intake fairly effectively. With some inherent limitations ( Midanik, 1994, 1998), such alcohol measures show reliable problem relationships ( Greenfield 1998, Greenfield et al. Validity studies suggest good correspondence with drinking diaries in special populations ( Hilton 1989). 1999) serve well in countries where “drinks” have some meaning. We suggest measurement methods may be improved by taking better account of empirical drink ethanol content.įor assessing volume and heavy drinking, graduated frequency (GF) measures ( Greenfield 2000, Rehm et al. A conclusion is that algorithms for computing volume may be refined using validation data. In the US study, summary GF frequency and volume were highly consistent with diary-based counterparts. Means for the highest quantity thresholds were 23.5 drinks for the 20+ (10 gram) drink level (Australia) and 15.5 drinks for the 12+ (14 g) drink level (US). calibration results on the GF using 28-day diaries were similar, with a volume effect only at these low quantity levels ( p <. Using Yesterday’s drinking, Australian results showed GF quantity range means close to arithmetic midpoints and volume effects only for the lowest two levels (1–2, and 3–4 drinks p <. We compared mean values for the GF quantity ranges from yesterday’s drinks (study i) and 28-day diaries (study ii), also examining volume influence. The NDSHS involved (i) “drop and collect” self-completed forms with random sampling methods the Measurement study (ii) screened 3+ drinkers by telephone and collected 28-day drinking diaries and pre- and post-diary 28-day GFs. Two studies with 12-month GF measures and daily data were used: (i) the Australian 2004 National Drug Strategy Household Survey ( n = 24,109 aged 12+ 22,546 with GF and over 8000 with yesterday data) and (ii) a US methodological study involving a 28-day daily diary plus GF summary measures drawn from the National Alcohol Survey ( n = 3,025 screened, 119 eligible study completers). We investigate several types of graduated frequency (GF) instruments for monitoring drinking patterns. A clinical psychologist he formerly directed Australia's National Drug Research Institute in Perth and has interests in numerous topics including monitoring drug and alcohol use and problems and alcohol measurement. TIM STOCKWELL directs the Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia and is professor in the Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, where he also co-leads the BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Network. YU YE is a biostatistician at the Alcohol Research Group, PHI with a background in economics and interests in cross-national studies, alcohol measurement, national alcohol survey and time series analysis, and emergency department studies. JASON BOND is a senior biostatistician at the Alcohol Research Group, PHI with interests in multivariate methods, measurement, longitudinal analysis and analyzing randomized and quasi-experimental health services data. Interests and grants include methodological studies on drink ethanol content, time series analyses of alcohol consumption and mortality, analyses of national survey data, and alcohol policy. ![]() KERR is an economist and senior scientist at the Alcohol Research Group, PHI with an adjunct position at UCSF. ![]() A clinical psychologist, his grants and research interest include self-report alcohol measurement, national and comparative surveys, alcohol and mortality, and health services research and alcohol policy. GREENFIELD is Center Director and Senior Scientist at the Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute (PHI), Emeryville, California, USA and on the faculty of the Clinical Services Research Training Program in the Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco (UCSF).
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